➤ Noun is a naming word (name given to a person, place, thing, feeling, and idea).

Example:- Sita went to Manali for vacation with his family last year. Noun:- (Sita, Manali, vacation, family, year) In this sentence, these are nouns.

Nouns can be:

• Animals:- Dogs, Cats, Birds, Hen, Lion, etc.
• Things:- Chair, Computers, Pen, etc.
• Feelings:- Love, Anger, Anxiety, Happy.
• Ideas:- Success, Discipline, Revolution, etc.

➤ Eight Types of Noun:-

1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Concrete Noun
4. Abstract Noun
5. Collective Noun
6. Compound Noun
7. Countable Noun
8. Uncountable Noun

➤ Notes:- A noun may belong to more than one category. Example:- _Happiness_ is both a common noun and abstract noun. _Love_ is a common noun, abstract noun and uncountable noun. _Notebook_ is a common noun, concrete noun and compound noun.

A proper noun is the specific name given to a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns should always be capitalized.

Examples: Mahatma Gandhi, London, India, Monday, Christmas, Ram, and Delhi University.

Usage in sentences:
1. Mr. Sharma visited the Eiffel Tower during his trip to Paris. (Here, 'Mr. Sharma', 'Eiffel Tower', and 'Paris' are proper nouns.)
2. Riya and Priya are planning to attend Delhi University next year. (In this case, 'Riya', 'Priya', and 'Delhi University' are proper nouns.)

A common noun is the general, non-specific name for a person, place, or thing. Unlike proper nouns, common nouns are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.

Examples: man, woman, teacher, pilot, doctor, boy, car.

Usage in sentences:
1. The dog barked loudly.
2. The car sped down the highway.
3. The cake was delicious and moist.
4. The lady is on the phone.

A concrete noun refers to a physical object that can be perceived through the five senses:sight, touch, taste, hearing, or smell.

Examples: Tree, Hammer, Book, Backpack.

Usage in sentences:
1. This book has a beautiful cover.
2. The apple fell from the tree.
3. The sandwich I had for lunch was delicious.
4. The mountain was covered in snow.
5. The flowers in the garden were blooming beautifully.

An abstract noun represents ideas, qualities, feelings, or concepts that cannot be perceived with the five senses (sight, touch, taste, hearing, or smell). It is the opposite of a concrete noun.

Examples: Love, Truth, Happiness, Courage, and Wisdom.

Usage in sentences:
1. Love is a powerful emotion that can change lives.
2. Freedom is a fundamental human right.
3. Happiness is often found in the simplest things.
4. Courage is needed to face difficult situations.
5. Wisdom comes with experience and age.

A collective noun is a word that refers to a group of people, animals, or a collection of things as a single entity.

Common Examples: Audience, Family, Government, Jury, Team.

More Specific Examples:

Groups of People:
• A class of students
• An army of soldiers
• A batch of pupils

Collections of Things:
• An album of photos
• A basket of fruits
• A block of houses
• A bunch of flowers

Groups of Animals:
• A troop of lions
• A team of horses
• A train of donkeys
• A troop of monkeys

A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words. These can be written as a single word (closed form), with hyphens, or as separate words (open form).

Examples:
• Closed: seafood, toothpaste, basketball, sunflower
• Hyphenated: mother-in-law
• Open: ice cream, high school

Usage in sentences:
1. I need to buy some toothpaste from the store.
2. They played basketball at the park.
3. My mother-in-law is visiting us this weekend.
4. The sunflower in the garden is very tall.

A countable noun is a noun that can be counted and has both a singular and a plural form.

Examples: apple, book, chair, car, key.

Usage in sentences:
1. I have three apples in my bag.
2. She bought two books from the store.
3. There are five chairs in the room.
4. She owns several cars.

An uncountable noun (also known as a mass noun) refers to things that cannot be counted individually and do not typically have a plural form. Many abstract nouns are also uncountable.

Examples: water, salt, sugar, milk, advice, rice, information.

Usage in sentences:
1. There is water in the jug.
2. She gave me some good advice.
3. We need to buy more rice for dinner.
4. The website provides a lot of useful information.

In grammar, number is the property of a noun that indicates quantity. Nouns can be either singular (referring to one person or thing) or plural (referring to more than one).

A singular noun is a word that refers to a single person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples: book, pen, bus, play, dog, leaf, chair.

A plural noun is a word that refers to more than one person, place, thing, or idea.

Examples: boys, girls, leaves, caps, chairs, children.

In grammar, person refers to the point of view in a sentence. It distinguishes between the one speaking (first person), the one being spoken to (second person), and the one being spoken about (third person).

In grammar, gender is a system used to classify nouns as masculine, feminine, common, or neuter. This classification helps determine which pronouns (like he, she, it) and possessive adjectives to use.

Examples based on natural gender:
• Masculine (Male): father, brother, bull, dog
• Feminine (Female): mother, sister, cow, bitch

There are four main types of gender in English grammar:

1. Masculine Gender
2. Feminine Gender
3. Common Gender
4. Neuter Gender

A noun that refers to a male person or animal is classified as being of the masculine gender.

Examples: boy, father, brother, bull.

A noun that refers to a female person or animal is classified as being of the feminine gender.

Examples: girl, mother, sister, cow.

A noun that can refer to either a male or a female person or animal is classified as being of the common gender.

Examples: student, teacher, doctor, baby, parent, friend.

A noun that refers to a non-living thing or an object without a gender is classified as being of the neuter gender.

Examples: inkpot, pen, computer, table.